Carrier frequency offset estimation method for 2 × 1 MISO TDS-OFDM systems

In time-domain synchronous (TDS)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, a pseudo noise (PN) sequence is inserted instead of the cyclic prefix. The PN sequence is used not only as a guard interval but also as a training sequence for channel estimation and synchronization in the time domain. Recently, research studies on 2 × 1 multi input-single output (MISO) TDS-OFDM systems have been conducted, and different PN sequences (which are orthogonal to one another or cyclically shifted) are transmitted at each transmit antenna for channel estimation, which are modulated by binary phase shift keying in the same phase angle. However, when the absolute phase difference among the transmitted PN sequences is π, a PN sequence cancellation problem occurs, making the estimation of an accurate carrier frequency offset (CFO) difficult. In this paper, a CFO estimation method with the aid of PN sequences for 2 × 1 MISO TDS-OFDM systems is proposed. In the proposed method, the phase of the PN sequences at each antenna is rotated differently and transmitted to prevent a PN sequence-canceling problem. In addition, a CFO estimation scheme using channel state information is proposed to estimate an accurate CFO in timevarying channels. We show by computer simulations that the mean square error performance of the proposed method over an additive white Gaussian noise environment and time-varying Rayleigh channel is higher than that of the conventional method.